Just like fundamental rights there are some duties which are to be followed by the citizens are known as Fundamental duties. They are provided in Part 4, Article 51A of Indian Constitution. They are inspired by Russian Constitution.
Fundamental Duties are also known as Mini Constitution. These duties were added by 42nd Amendment, 1976 on recommendation of Swarn Singh Committee. Before there were ten duties and 11th duty 51A (k) was added by 86th Amendment Act, 2002. They are also known as Sanctionless duties.
Fundamental Duties: It shall be the duty of ery citizen of India-
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the Natioal Anthem.
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures.
(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity, so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.
(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.
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